What is R in Organic Chemistry?
What is R in Organic Chemistry?
R group: An abbreviation for any group in which a carbon or hydrogen atom is attached to the rest of the molecule. … R is an abbreviation for radical, when the term radical applied to a portion of a complete molecule (not necessarily a free radical), such as a methyl group.The letter R is used in molecular structures to represent the “Rest of the molecule”. It consists of a group of carbon and hydrogen atoms of any size. It is used as an abbreviation since a group of carbon and hydrogen atoms does not affect the functionality of the compound.
GAS LAWS
The behavior of ideal gases is described by the following laws: 1) at a constant temperature, the change in gas volume is inversely proportional to the change in pressure (Boyle-Mariotte law); 2) at constant pressure, the change in gas volume is directly proportional to the change in absolute temperature (Charles-Gay-Lussac law); 3) at constant temperature and pressure, the change in volume is directly proportional to the change in the amount of matter (Avogadro’s law). These laws can be represented as a single equation of state for an ideal gas PV = nRT , where P is the gas pressure (Pa), V is its volume (m 3 ), T is the absolute temperature (K), n is the number of gas moles, R- a universal gas constant equal to 8.314 J / K mol ( R = 0.08206 l atm / K mol if P is measured in atmospheres, V is in liters, n is in moles, T is in Kelvin).
If two gases are mixed at constant temperature and pressure, then the volume of the mixture will be equal to the sum of the volumes of the gases that make up it; at a constant volume, the pressure of a mixture of gases that do not chemically interact with each other is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the gases that make up the mixture (the law of partial pressures established by Dalton). Partial pressure is the pressure of a component of an ideal gas mixture, which it would exert if one occupied the volume of the entire mixture. The mole fraction of one of the components of a gas mixture is that part of all gas molecules that are constituted by the molecules of this component. For any gas in the mixture